vacuum_cost_delay

vacuum_cost_delay — Vacuum cost delay in milliseconds. Observed in PG9.0–19 Beta 3; its last measured boot default is 0 ms in PG19 Beta 3, with user context. This is a beta-snapshot fact and can change before PostgreSQL 19 GA.

Note

Fact — official short description: “Vacuum cost delay in milliseconds.”

Identity

Type , Valuereal: Upstream pg_settings type
Context , Valueuser: Settable by an ordinary user
Unit , Valuems: Raw unit
Range , Value0 – 100: Raw limits in the last observed version
Enum values , Value—: — for non-enum types
Category , ValueVacuuming / Cost-Based Vacuum Delay: Upstream classification
Latest boot value , Value0: 0 ms

Lifecycle

Fact	Value
First observed	PG9.0 (research boundary)
Present in	PG9.0–19 Beta 3
Removed in	No
Introduction commit	Not asserted: predates the PG9.0 research boundary
Commit date	—
Discussion	—

Default history

Measured PG9.0–19 Beta 3 boot defaults
Versions	Raw `boot_val`	Unit	Human value
PG9.0–19 Beta 3	`0`	`ms`	0 ms

How it works

Vacuum cost delay in milliseconds. It can be changed at session scope, so different sessions may observe different behavior.

VACUUM accumulates virtual cost for page hits, misses, and dirties; after the balance reaches vacuum_cost_limit it sleeps for vacuum_cost_delay and resets. This is coarse I/O pacing rather than an exact bandwidth cap, and the wraparound failsafe bypasses throttling.

Monitor and change vacuum_cost_delay together with vacuum_cost_limit, vacuum_cost_page_hit, vacuum_cost_page_miss. Validate on the relevant server role and real workload, then use its user context to choose session change, reload, or restart; a historical boot default is not the current effective value.

Tuning advice

Tip

Advice. These are workload-specific starting points and must be validated with measurements.

Workload	Guidance
OLTP	Tune vacuum_cost_delay from autovacuum duration, dead-tuple growth, and foreground I/O latency together. Prefer per-table overrides for hotspots; global throttling must not let cleanup fall permanently behind.
OLAP	During post-load windows, a larger budget or shorter delay can improve maintenance throughput, but verify that scans do not starve queries/imports. Failsafe activation means normal pacing already failed.
Small nodes	Keep conservative defaults. On slow disks, lowering concurrency or overriding one table is usually more controllable than making the delay arbitrarily large.

Pigsty

Values use the fixed 8-vCPU, 32-GiB, 100-GiB SSD fixture and render the current Pigsty templates for PG19 Beta 3; this does not assert current Pigsty support for that historical or beta release.

Template	Effective value	Versus upstream boot	Source expression
OLTP	`20ms`	different	`20ms`
OLAP	`10ms`	different	`10ms`
CRIT	`20ms`	different	`20ms`
TINY	`20ms`	different	`20ms`

Caution

Advice — pending human review. Fact from the current Pigsty template projection: OLTP: PG9.0–19 Beta 3 = 20ms (dcs); OLAP: PG9.0–19 Beta 3 = 10ms (dcs); CRIT: PG9.0–19 Beta 3 = 20ms (dcs); TINY: PG9.0–19 Beta 3 = 20ms (dcs). Advice, pending human review — Editorial interpretation, pending human maintainer review: the override appears intended to throttle manual and inherited autovacuum I/O, with a shorter delay for the higher-throughput OLAP profile; confirm it against the current Pigsty templates, hardware fixture, and operational guarantees before publication.

Common pitfalls

Changing the global value while a table storage parameter overrides it.
Treating reltuples and cumulative change statistics as exact real-time counts.
Blaming a threshold without checking long transactions, replication slots, and worker saturation.
Buying short-term quiet by deferring maintenance until wraparound failsafe activates.

vacuum_cost_limit · vacuum_cost_page_hit · vacuum_cost_page_miss · vacuum_cost_page_dirty · autovacuum_vacuum_cost_delay · autovacuum_vacuum_cost_limit